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The ''Groupement de scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire'' GSIEN (Association of Scientists for Information on Nuclear Energy) is a multidisciplinary not-for-profit association of independent scientists who aim to spread information about the nuclear industry in France〔(Page d'infos de GSIEN ) GSIEN, published 1995, accessed 2011-04-11〕 founded on December 15, 1975.〔(GSIEN - Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire ) Réseau national de mesures de la radioactivité de l'environnement, accessed 2011-04-11〕 In addition to providing a structure within which independent evaluations can take place, GSIEN aims to ensure that the French nuclear industry, one of the World's largest, provides open and honest information.〔 In 1977 GSIEN was first to provide an explanation of the causes and consequences of the Three Mile Island accident, while the authorities tried to play-down the incident,〔(Les physiciens dans le mouvement antinucléaire : entre science, expertise et politique ) Cahiers d’histoire, published 2007, accessed 2011-04-11〕 however GSIEN came to prominence at the time of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster when the press and public found that their independent information helped to compensate for the shortcomings in the official information.〔 They subsequently became widely recognised after many of their members contributed to various overseas projects.〔 ==History== GSIEN was founded in the wake of the sudden and unexpected launch in 1974 of the Messmer Plan to switch all of France's electricity generation to nuclear power, which took place without public or parliamentary debate.〔 The announcement of the Messmer Plan caused a split in the scientific community between those physicists (generally older) who favoured the plan, and those (generally younger) who were concerned about the potential risks, leading to ''l’Appel des 400'' (the appeal of the 400), a petition signed initially by over 400 scientists, and ultimately by around 4,000, expressing their concern over a number of issues including 'secrecy' and 'official propaganda'. GSIEN was created following this petition, inspired in part by model of the Union of Concerned Scientists in the United States, with the objective of disseminating information to 'prevent nuclear officials from turning information into propaganda'.〔 In 1998 Monique Sené, nuclear physicist, one of GSIEN's co-founders and its first president,〔 was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour for her work.〔(Extrait de la Gazette 143/144 ) la Gazette Nucléaire, published 1995, accessed 2011-04-11〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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